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IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4) and IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6) are two versions of the Internet Protocol used for exchanging data and communication between devices on networks. Here’s a comparison between them:

IPv4:

1. IP adresa:

   • IPv4 uses 32-bit (4-byte) addresses represented in dotted-decimal format (e.g., 192.168.1.1).

2. Address Space:

   • IPv4 provides approximately 4.3 billion unique addresses, which are becoming increasingly scarce due to the growth of internet-connected devices.

3. Address Configuration:

   • IPv4 addresses can be configured statically or dynamically (using DHCP), and they typically consist of network and host portions.

4. Deployment:

   • IPv4 has been the dominant protocol for decades and is extensively deployed across the internet and corporate networks.

IPv6:

1. IP adresa:

   • IPv6 uses 128-bit (16-byte) addresses represented in hexadecimal notation (e.g., 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334).

2. Address Space:

   • IPv6 offers an astronomically large address space, providing approximately 340 undecillion unique addresses (2^128), which ensures availability of addresses for future growth.

3. Address Configuration:

   • IPv6 addresses can be configured through stateless autoconfiguration or DHCPv6, and they have additional features like multiple addresses per interface.

4. Deployment:

   • IPv6 adoption has been increasing steadily to accommodate the growing number of internet-connected devices and to overcome the limitations of IPv4 address exhaustion.

Key Differences:

• Address Length: IPv4 addresses are 32 bits, while IPv6 addresses are 128 bits.
• Address Representation: IPv4 addresses are in dotted-decimal format, and IPv6 addresses are in hexadecimal format with colons separating blocks.
• Address Space: IPv4 has a limited address space leading to address exhaustion issues, whereas IPv6 offers a vast address space to accommodate the growing number of devices.
• Deployment: IPv4 is widely deployed but facing challenges due to address exhaustion, while IPv6 adoption is increasing to support future internet growth.

V souhrnu, IPv4 is the older and more widely used protocol, but IPv6 provides a larger address space and features designed to meet the demands of modern networks and devices.