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Using the Nano Text Editor: A Complete Guide

When working on Linux in command-line mode, you often need to create or edit text files. One of the well-known editors is Vim, but it can be difficult for beginners. For users looking for a simpler and more user-friendly alternative, the Nano text editor is available.

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Nano is a lightweight, command-line text editor for Unix and Linux systems. It supports useful features beyond basic editing such as search and replace, cut and paste, and syntax highlighting.

В этом руководстве, we will walk through the main functions of Nano: creating and opening files, editing and saving content, searching and replacing text, cutting and pasting, and customizing settings.

Installing Nano

Nano is typically pre-installed on most Linux distributions. To check if it is installed, run:

nano --version

If not installed, use the following commands:

Ubuntu/Debian

sudo apt install nano

CentOS/Fedora

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sudo yum install nano

Creating and Opening Files

To open or create a file:

nano filename

This opens a text editing interface. You can start typing right away.

Shortcuts are displayed at the bottom of the screen:

• ^ = Ctrl key
• M = Alt key
• For example, ^J = Ctrl + J

Использовать Ctrl + G to view the full list of available commands.

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Editing Files

Unlike vi, Nano allows immediate editing upon opening a file.

To jump to a specific line:

• Press Ctrl + _, then enter the line number.

Searching and Replacing

• Search text: Ctrl + W, type the keyword, then Enter.
• Next match: Alt + W

Search and Replace:

1. Press Ctrl + \
2. Enter the text to find
3. Enter replacement text
4. Confirm each replacement with Y (Да), N (No), or replace all with A

Copying, Cutting, and Pasting

1. Select text: Move the cursor to start point, press Alt + A, move to the end.
2. Copy: Alt + 6
3. Cut: Ctrl + K
4. Paste: Move the cursor to the target location, press Ctrl + U

To cancel selection: Ctrl + 6

Saving and Exiting

• Сохранять: Ctrl + O, then Enter
• Exit: Ctrl + X. If changes are unsaved, Nano prompts you to save.

Nano Configuration (nanorc)

Nano reads its configuration from the following files (in order):

• System-wide: /etc/nanorc
• User-specific: ~/.config/nano/nanorc or ~/.nanorc

User settings override system defaults.

Syntax Highlighting

Nano supports syntax highlighting for common file types. Syntax files are stored in:

/usr/share/nano/

To include them:

include "/usr/share/nano/*.nanorc"

Set Nano as Default Editor

To use Nano as your default editor for commands like crontab or visudo, set the environment variables:

Add the following lines to your ~/.bashrc:

export VISUAL=nano
export EDITOR="$VISUAL"

Summary

• Launch Nano with: nano filename
• Start editing immediately
• Использовать Ctrl + O to save, Ctrl + X to exit
• Use shortcuts for advanced editing features

Nano is an intuitive and powerful tool for quick and easy file editing in Linux.